Construction
steps of a House in India- 2
(This is the Commentary of video that we
had updated in YouTube
Watch "Construction Steps of a
House in India 2" on YouTube
)
Ø In
the previous video, we have seen the construction up to the plinth beam level.
Ø Hi
friends, in this video we are going to watch the construction of superstructure
above the plinth beam.
COLUMNS
Ø This
is the drawing of our column. It is (35×21) cm2 column,with 6 number
of 12 mm dia bars, with stirrups.
Ø We
had laid steels, for the upcoming columns from below.
Ø They
are raised according to the height of column
Ø In
the case, were lintel is constructing after the column, we have to provide
extra steels at lintel level, for connecting with lintel.
Ø For
this, 2 steels are fixed on each side and is folded by a paper piece on the end
for its easy identification after deshuttering.
Ø Now
steel framework of column is ready.
Ø Setting
out is done and the outer line of the columns,are marked in the cement sand
paste.
Ø A
small shoe also called starter is made there for proper arrangement of column
shutter
Ø On
the next day, shutter of the shoe is removed and the column shutter is fixed
tightly on that shoe.
Ø Shutter
should be vertical.
Ø For
that, an apparatus consists of two woods of equal dimension,and a rope with a
weight is used
Ø When
the woods comes parallel, the column shutter is vertical.
Ø Plumb
bob is also used to check verticality.
Ø It
is repeated on four sides.
Ø When
the shutter comes in correct vertical position it is fixed using the supports
on 4 sides
Ø Now
it is ready for concreting
Ø Before
concreting,inside formwork is made wet by pouring water.
Ø Concrete
mix is poured and is compacted very well.
Ø Pouring
and compaction, repeats up to the required level.
Ø After
24 hours, the formwork is removed gently
Ø This
is our column. Like this we built all column structures.
Ø Curing
is to be done from now.
Ø Curing
is to done preferably to 14 days at regular intervals, or at least to 7 days.
Ø Jute
bags are used for the presence of moisture in the surface.
DOOR
FRAMES
Ø Frames
of doors, windows and ventilations can be of different materials like wood,
concrete, steel etc.
Ø For
wood frames, we applied thermite proof material and wood primer. In steels of
windows, metal primer is applied.
Ø Place
of activity is cleaned and made wet
Ø Mark
the position where door frame is coming
Ø Doorframe
is placed
Ø A
rope is laid through the upper hand of the frame to the two sides and is
connected to a block
Ø Now
door frame is made vertical using the plumb bob. All sides are checked
Ø The
frame is then fixed in the vertical position by tightening the rope on the
block in both sides.
Ø Other
door frames are fixed in the same way.
Ø For
making the top of all door frames in the same level, a levelling apparatus of
small hose with water inside is used.
Ø The
ends of the hose is positioned upwards at the top of door frames
Ø When
the 2nd frame comes in the same water level of 1st frame,
it is fixed in that position
Ø Hold
fasts are fixed to the frames for connection with masonry
Ø After
this masonry works can be done on its sides
MASONRY WORKS
Ø Masonry
can be done by using cement blocks, bricks, laterites etc.
Ø We
are using laterites of size 33cm x 19cm x 21cm.
Ø Also
some bricks to fill gaps
Ø Rope
is laid after setting out
Ø The
place is cleaned and watered
Ø Cement
mortar is applied
Ø Laterites
are placed in the cement mortars with small gaps in between
Ø Cement
mortars is applied on this gaps and is compacted and levelled using the
trowels. This are joints
Ø It
is also applied on sides for good bonding
Ø Plumb
bob an levelling staffs are used for levelling
Ø Above
this layer of laterite, cement mortar is applied
Ø Then
next layer of laterites are laid.
Ø And
the steps are repeated
Ø The
cement mortar is prepared by mixing 1 bowl of cement with 6 bowl of sand with
adequate water.
Ø The
edges of middle layer is in the centre of lower and upper layer laterite and
vice versa
Ø This
is stretcher bond. This pattern will give good bondage.
WINDOW FRAMES
Ø After
3 or 4 layers of laterites, we have to think about window frameworks
Ø If
there is any decorations coming below, it is done now.
Ø Window
is placed
Ø Using
two side opened hose with water inside, height is corrected
Ø Levelled
using plumb bob and levelling staff
Ø It
is fixed in that position using a rope tightened on both sides.
Ø Then
laterites are laid on both sides
Ø If
there are alamaras coming inside the wall, their positions are marked and laterites
are not laid there.
VENTILLATION
Ø Ventilations
are also fixed in the same manner as that of doors and windows.
Ø The
top level of doors, windows and ventilations are same so that lintel is coming
above this level
LINTEL
Ø Lintel
is usually given at a height of about 2.1m
Ø Formwork
of lintel is fixed
Ø Steel
works are prepared
Ø We
used 4 number of 8 mm dia bars interconnected by stirrups
Ø It
is placed on formwork above the cover block
Ø If
there is any window shades or any decorations or berth slabs is coming in this
level, it should be considered.
Ø There
formwork and steel works are done and they should be interconnected with lintel
Ø To
make the side slabs of alamaras in future, steels are given from lintel.
Ø We
had provided steels in column at 2.1m level to connect with lintel
Ø The
paper is identified and steels are taken out using the chisel
Ø They
are connected to lintel steel for good bondage
Ø The
gaps between the joints of formworks are close to prevent the leakage of
slurry.
Ø On
the day of concrete, water the formwork
Ø Concrete
mix is placed
Ø It
is vibrated or tamped well
Ø Then
levelled using floats and trowels
Ø Lintel
thickness is 15 cm
Ø Concrete
of berth slabs and window shades were done along with this
Ø They
have thickness 10 cm
Ø Curing
is done continuously after it hardens preferably for 14 days or at least to 7
days
Ø After
the removal of side shutter, laterite works can be continued up to the roof
level
Ø At
2.40 m level, we had an extra structure of pergolas and small slabs on the 2nd
floor. They are done
Ø Height
of one floor is 3.06m.
So
laterite works are done to this level
Ø Small
spaces are leaved above for the air movements.
STAIR CASE
Ø This
are the drawings of our staircase.
Ø Some
are straight and some are rounds steps with
Rise = 16.6 cm
Thread
= 27.5 cm
Width = 90 cm
Ø The
positions are marked on the floor or ground according to plan
Ø Now
woods are arranged and shuttering is done according to the shape of the steps
Ø Suitable
supports are given
Ø For
round steps, card boards are used for getting the proper shape.
Ø 8
mm steels are used for its work.
Ø They
are cut suitably and suitable rings are prepared
Ø It
is laid on the formwork above the cover blocks.
Ø Our
stair case starts from 1st floor, so we had laid steels for that
from the slab.
Ø This
steel is connected to the steel of staircase.
Ø In
case if steps are built from ground, a footing is needed for it.
Ø A
square footing of 3 foot side is made usually.
Ø And
the steel is raised from it is connected to the steel of staircase.
Ø Now
it is the time for concrete.
Ø Formwork
is cleaned and is watered,
Ø Concrete
mix is placed
Ø The
metal used for it is ¾ inch or ½ inch or a mix of them, for the concrete mix to
go through small gaps of reinforcement.
Ø It
is properly compacted.
Ø Thus
concreting is over.
Ø Curing
is done
Ø Jute
bags are laid for proper curing
Ø After
21 days we removed the shutter.
RETAINING WALLS
Ø We
have an extra structure called retaining walls or RCC walls
Ø This
is to withstand the load of soil coming on one side of the building
Ø We
used 8 mm and 10 mm dia bars
Ø Waterproof
material is added while concreting.
Ø Shuttering
and concreting is done on two parts on two days.
Ø Up
to now we have constructed foundation, plinth beams, columns, doorframes,
masonry, window frames, ventilations and masonry, lintel and masonry above
lintel.
Ø Now
we are going for roof slab construction
ROOF SLAB AND ROOF
BEAMS CONSTRUCTION
Ø Formwork
of roof beam and roof slabs are to be made.
Ø This
is the drawing of roof beams
Ø Of
the 30 cm height of beam, 10 cm is in the roof slab.
Ø i.e.,
roof beams and slabs are interconnected.
Ø Formworks
of roof beam is done first. Then that of roof slab
Ø It
can be of woods or steel sheets.
Ø Bamboo
sticks or props are used for supporting the shutter.
Ø It
is firmly fixed on the grounds.
Ø All
gaps between the shutter sheets are closed to prevent the leakage of slurry
during concrete.
Ø Now
steel works
Ø For
beams, we used 16mm dia bars
Ø They
are made at a height and then lowered to the shutter and placed above the cover
block
Ø 8
mm dia steels used for roof slab
Ø In
our 1st roof, we used 10mm and in the remaining 2 roofs, we used 8
mm.
Ø Slab
steels are placed correctly so that it can carry load safely.
Ø They
are tied using binding wires.
Ø Cover
blocks are provided at regular intervals
Ø After
finishing the steel framework, it should be checked by a professional engineer.
Ø 20
mm pipes are usually laid through the roof for the passage of electrical wires.
Ø This
is for ensuring the aesthetics.
Ø Fan
points are marked in the shutter using the plan.
Ø Hooks
of fan is laid there along with the pipes.
Ø It
is covered with paper so that it can be easily taken out after deshuttering.
Ø Both
openings of pipes are covered with insulation tape to prevent the entry of
concrete and other particles
Ø The
other end of the pipe is given to the nearby walls.
Ø Other
electrical works are done later,
Ø Some
hooks are laid in parapets, some in rooms for cradles etc.
Ø LED
boxes if needed is also laid.
Ø All
these hooks and pipes are tightened to steel with the binding wires.
Ø Clean
the formwork by removing saw dust, wooden chippings, pipe pieces etc.
ROOF SLAB CONCRETE
Ø It
is the day of roof concrete
Ø Concrete
is prepared in mixer arranged in the ground
Ø In
one mix we used 1 bag of cement, 4 bowl Msand and 6 bowl of ¾ inch metal.
Ø It
can be transported either manually or by using hoist with bucket.
Ø Water
the formwork before placing concrete. Otherwise it will absorb water from
concrete.
Ø Concrete
is placed in formwork using bowls
Ø Thoroughly
vibrated using mechanical vibrator.
Ø 10
cm is the required thickness of slab
Ø A
measured wood of 10 cm is used for this. Concreting is done up to this level
Ø After
vibration, using straight edge, excess concrete is stuck offby moving back and
forth. And is levelled.
Ø Then
floats are used to remove further irregularities.
Ø Aggregates
are firmly embedded inside using it.
Ø Then
by using trowel, it is smoothened further.
Ø Then
it is allowed to harden
Ø When
it hardens, surface moisture is maintained by splashing or spraying water
without force.
Ø Water
can be filled at regular intervals and maintains temperature for good setting.
Ø After
21 days, formworks were removed.
Ø Carefully
looking after the work and doing it in the proper way, will gives us the satisfaction
of building a good house.
Ø Hope
you will review the work
Ø Send
your opinion and suggestions to my email id.
Ø Thanks
for watching.
Watch "Construction Steps of a
House in India 2" on YouTube
