Construction steps of a House in India

Construction steps of a House in India

(This is the Commentary of video that    We have uploaded in YouTube
Watch "Construction Steps of a House in India" on YouTube
https://youtu.be/IuzFgCRBTiQ

)

• Construction of a house starts with the preparation of plan.
• Detailed plan is prepared which includes structural drawings of beams, columns, foundations, along with the measurements of rooms.
• Our house is 3-storeyed building with cellar floor facing towards a side and remaining two floors towards the front.
• Before construction works starts, we should take all valuable substances from our land.
• And then clear the site by uprooting the trees and level the soil.
• For setting out plan showing centre to centre distance is taken.
• Rope is laid, Using cross staff, peg, plumbob etc. setting out is done.
• Place to be excavated is marked.
• These are drawings of foundations.
• Footing with one column and Footing with 2 columns.
• Using excavation vehicles, soil was dig from the marked portion.
• It was digged up to suitable depth.
• The excavated portion was cleaned by the workers.
• Now it is prepared for applying the base concrete.

 BASE CONCRETE (PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE)

• On the day of concrete, materials needed for it should be arranged.
• In the case of cement, it is preferred to arranged on or the nearest day of concrete.
• Because if there is no room for storing it, in the open condition, it may get damaged.
• Metal it is ok if we arrange it well before the day of concrete.
• We are using 4cm i.e. one and half inch metal for base concrete.
• River sand or Msand also should be stored.
• If Msand is using, it should be washed Msand.
• The concrete mixer is fixed on the ground.
• One and half inch metal is taken in bowls and is put into the mixer.
• Msand is also taken in bowls for mixing.
• Cement is added.
• Water is added to the mixer periodically in accordance with the water/cement ratio.
• So the materials of the concrete along with the water is mixed uniformly.
• Before putting the concrete, the excavations should be sprinkled with water.
• In one mix we used, 1 bag of cement, 5 bowl of msand and 7 bowls of one and half inch metal.
• After proper rotation, the mix is poured down to the below plate sheet provided in the ground.
• From there it is taken into the bowl using the shovel and carried by the workers to the required place.
• A mark was made in the excavations up to which the base concrete is coming.
• It was made using a steel rod or a piece of wood.
• Concrete is placed in the excavations.
• Then a man enters the excavation and spread the mix using a hoe.
• It continues up to the level.
• Then it is jammed well.
• By this base concrete is completed.

 RCC

• The next structure of the foundation is the reinforced cement concrete structure (RCC).
• For that steel rods of different dimensions are arranged according to the plan.
• It is cut to suitable length using the steel cutting machine.
• Mat is prepared for RCC works.
• We used 12 mm dia bars for mat preparation.
• This is stirrup making.
• 8mm dia steel is taken, it is bended and a closed shape rectangle is prepared for connecting the pillar steels.
• Then it is connected between steels of pillars using the binding wires (MSW).
• This is steel framework of pillar.
• Next step is marking above the base concrete, to put the mat and pillar framework.
• For that setting out is done.
• Rope is laid through the centre distance.
• So their intersection will gives the required point.
• Some cement sand mixture is applied on the base concrete, where the intersection of the rope likely to pass.
• Different points are marked on this paste, which is vertically below the rope using the plumb bob.
• This points are joined together to form a line.
• Two of the line intersect and this intersection will gives the centre point of mat and pillar.
• From there points where the pillar steel to be rested upon is marked using a chalk 
• The mat should be rested upon the cover block or stones.
• The steel mat which is prepared earlier is given to the below worker.
• He is fixing the mat in the marked position and above the covering block.
• Then the piller framework which is prepared earlier is taken.
• This pillar framework has 6 no. of 12mm dia bars with stirrups.
• And this also given to the worker in the excavation.
• It is placed accurately in the earlier marked points.
• Then the legs of piller framework is tied to the mat using the binding wire.
• So the RCC structure is interconnected.
• Form work was laid according to the plan for concreting the RCC.
• Formwork is completed.
• Pillar framework may not be in the correct position.
• So we have to check the verticality of the pillar.
• And the position of the pillar to be concreted on the next day should be made vertical.
• For this plumbob is used.
• When pillar comes in the correct position, it is fixed on that position.
• Again it is cross checked.
• This ¾ inch i.e. 2cm metal.
• From now onwards we are using this metal for our construction.
• It is the day of RCC concreting.
• For one mix, we used 1 bag of cement, 5 bowl of msand and 7 bowl of ¾ inch metal along with the water.
• Before concreting we have to mark the position up to which the RCC square and RCC trapezoid is coming.
• It is marked on the pillar steel.
• For this RCC work, it is 20 cm Rcc square and 35cm Rcc trapezoidal prism
• Water the place which is going to be concreted.
• Then concrete mix is put to the required place using the bowls.
• Then mechanical vibrator is taken and is applied thoroughly.
• Vibration is an important step in concreting.
• It helps to consolidate the concrete by moving the particles and by removing the entrapped air bubbles.
• Care should be taken to vibrate each nuke and corner of the concrete.
• Thus the concrete settles firmly in the shape of formwork.
• Then it is levelled. And RCC SQUARE is completed.
• Concrete is poured to the above levelled surface for preparation of RCC Taper.
• It is uniformly spread.
• Mechanical vibrator is then applied.
• Workmen then make it to the shape of trapezoid using their floats and trowels.
• This shape of taper is good for the uniform transmission of the above load to the below earth.
• It is then levelled and finished using the trowel.
• Like this we have prepared RCC works in all excavations.
• Concrete of that day is over by this.

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• From the next day onwards we have to water it periodically.
• Curing of concrete is a very important step.
• It prevents the loss of moisture from the concrete.
• It helps in maintaining favourable temperature for hydration to occur in concrete.
• Lack of water cause concrete to shrink which leads to surface cracking.

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Small piller( Small column)

• Next work is the preparation of small of small pillar.
• It is the pillar between Rcc trapezoid and the Beam belt.
• Setting out is done again.
• The outer portion of upcoming pillar is marked on the cement paste applied above the taper, using the plumbob.
• Verticality is checked.
• A small shoe is constructed above that.
• It is for the proper arrangement of pillar framework.
• Shutter of the shoe is fixed and is concreted.
• On the next day, shutter of the shoe is taken.
• After that the formworks are fixed and tightened on the shoe.
• Now it is the time for concreting the small piller.
• So it is watered properly.
• Now concrete mix is prepared and is transported to the inside formwok.
• It is compacted very well using the rod.
• It is concreted upto the marked level.
• Form works can be of sheets or woods.
• On the next day formwork is removed and this is our foundation structure.
• The top of these structures are in the same level so that plinth beam belt is constructed above it.

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• So up to now we have constructed base concrete, RCC square, RCC taper, Small piller.
• And now going to construct plinth beam.

Plinth Beam

• Now we are going to level the ground.
• We took the soil from our nearby land to the site and is spread using jcb.
• So the ground is levelled.
• Now the place where plinth beam is coming is jammed very well.
• Cement sand paste or concrete is applied to the above portion.
• Now steel works for plinth beam has to be done.
• This is the plan of our plinth beam.
• It is 30x21 plinth beam with 3 no. of 16mm dia @ top and 3 @ bottom with stirrups (18cm c/c distance).
• Steel framework is first constructed at a suitable height above for the easiness of work.
• After the framework is completed, it is lowered to the required position.
• It rests on the covering block.
• Now the formwork of plinth beam is made.
• It is fitted for plinth beam concreting.
• The formwork should be vertical for the proper shape of plinth beam.
• It is checked using the plumbbob.
• A wood interconnects the 2 sides of formwork so that it will not come closer during concreting.
• Formwork is tightly fixed in the shape of plinth beam.
• On the day of concreting it is watered well.
• Concrete mix is prepared on the mixer.
• It is transported to the required position and it is placed inside.
• Next is proper vibration. It is necessary for good settlement.
• It is then levelled using the float.
• Thus plinth beam concrete completes.
• On another day formworks are removed.
• One side of our building is retaining wall. So we laid the steels vertically for that.
• We also laid steels for upcoming pillars.
• So our construction work completed up to plinth beam level.

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• Proper planning, proper management of soil, minimizing the wastage of materials etc. can save our money.
• Good quality of materials, vibration during concrete, curing after concrete etc. contribute to the strength of building structures.
• Send your opinions and suggestions to my email id smartconstructjj@gmail.com
• Work in progress will be updated.
• Thank you. 

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• Watch "Construction Steps of a House in India" on YouTube
• https://youtu.be/IuzFgCRBTiQ